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A whip is an official in a political party whose primary purpose is to ensure party discipline in a legislature. Whips are a party's "enforcers", who typically offer inducements and threaten party members to ensure that they vote according to the official party policy. A whip's role is also to ensure that the elected representatives of their party are in attendance when important votes are taken. The usage comes from the hunting term "whipping in", i.e. preventing hounds from wandering away from the pack. The term "whip" is also used to mean: * the voting instructions issued to members by the whip,〔Pandiyan, M. Veera (May 14, 2006). (How the term 'Whip' came to be used in Parliament ). ''The Star (Malaysia)''.〕 or * in the UK and Ireland, a party's endorsement of a member of parliament (MP) or a Teachta Dála (TD); to "withdraw the whip" is to expel an MP or TD from his or her parliamentary party. (The elected member in question would retain his or her parliamentary seat, as an independent, i.e. not associated with any parliamentary party. However, in the Irish system, the party retains all funding and staffing resources allocated to it on behalf of that member for the duration of the parliamentary term.) ==Origins== The expression 'whip' in its parliamentary context has its origins in hunting terminology. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines the term "whipper-in" as, "''a huntsman's assistant who keeps the hounds from straying by driving them back with the whip into the main body of the pack.''". According to that dictionary, the first recorded use of the term "whipper-in" in the parliamentary sense occurs in 1772. However, P.D.G Thomas in ''House of Commons in the Eighteenth Century'' cites two examples of the use of the term that pre-date 1772.〔House of Commons briefing note: The Whip's Office Doc ref. SN/PC/02829. Last updated 10th October 2008〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Whip (politics)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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